African Based Civil Society An Effective Public Health...

The supererogatory capitalist mentality reinforced in American society as a means of success and an acceptable manner to diligently fulfill ethical and moral obligations has been streamlined through the allocation of financial resources, however, these contributions have failed to educate West Africans about precautionary measures, build an effective public health infrastructure and has generated a new strain of the virus: Ebola Debt. Since the recent outbreak of Ebola in early 2014 politicians and public health officials have collaborated with the World Health Organization to dedicate the â€Å"Health System Fund† aiming to repay what a large portion of the population claims to be a debt to our allies, which beguiles the general public of its†¦show more content†¦As the earth has mounted its immune response against the human species (406) in the form of a filovirus which was deemed biologically dormant both in the late nineties’ outbreak and currently, the eth ical implications have infected society ability to rid itself of Ebola. Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone owe the International Monetary Fund a combined payment of three hundred and seventy-two million dollars that were allocated to repress the epidemic (Duval). Although a large portion of the countries have declared themselves Ebola free the remnants of the outbreak remain in the form of economic poverty and a newly built healthcare frame that does not account for the lack of health care workers, consideration of cultural traditions and was not implemented in a timely manner. Government officials in Africa argue the inefficient response during the critical threshold and the amount of money spent on establishing an American health care system parallels the imperialism movement and has left the countries vulnerable to future outbreaks, indebt and currently still unprepared. The monetary â€Å"loans† less than half of which actually reached affected countries last year failed to educate the public, this raises the question of owing money that was not distributed to tackle immediate threats but attempted to repair years of corruption and unstable healthcare foundations. In this sense America has years of compiling

Essay on Analysis of the Enron/Arthur Anderson Scandal

Enron and Arthur Anderson were both giants in their own industry. Enron, a Texas based company in the energy trading business, was expanding rapidly in both domestic and global markets. Arthur Anderson, LLC. (Anderson), based out of Chicago, was well established as one of the big five accounting firms. But the means by which they achieved this status became questionable and eventually contributed to their demise. Enron used what if often referred to as â€Å"creative† accounting methods, this resulted in them posting record breaking earnings. Anderson, who earned substantial audit and consultation fees from Enron, failed to comply with the auditing standards required in their line of work. Investigations and reports have resulted in finger†¦show more content†¦As competition increased and the economy started to plunge in the early 2000s, Enron struggled to maintain their profit margins. Executives determined that in order to keep their debt ratio low, they would need to transfer debt from their balance sheet. â€Å"Reducing hard assets while earning increasing paper profits served to increase Enron’s return on assets (ROA) and reduce its debt-to-total-assets ratio, making the company more attractive to credit rating agencies and investors† (Thomas, 2002). Executives developed Structured Financing and Special Purpose Entities (SPE), which they used to transfer the majority of Enron’s debt to the SPEs. Enron also failed to appropriately disclose information regarding the related party transactions in the notes to the financial statements.Andersen performed audit work for Enron and rendered an unqualified opinion of their financial statements while this activity occurred. The seriousness and amount of misstatement has led some to believe that Andersen must have known what was going on inside Enron, but decided to overlook it. Assets and equities were overstated by over $1.2 billion, which can clearly be considered a material am ount (Cunningham Harris, 2006). These are a few of several practices that spiraled out of control in an effort to meet forecasted quarterly earnings. As competition grew against the energy giant and theirShow MoreRelatedAuditor Choice and Institutional Investor Choice after the Enron Scandal. 618 Words   |  3 PagesThe institutional investor, who has owned significant amount of investment concern with monitoring duties of management, as they gain benefit from it. They require high quality of information and have a power to carry out financial analysis. Their monitoring role become important since there is increase in agency conflict between managers and shareholders. The institutional investor tend to pressure manager in order to protect shareholder interest. Since the institutional investor need to controlRead MoreThe Collapse Of Enron And Enron1365 Words   |  6 PagesTwo organizations that will live on in infamy in the business world are World Com and Enron. These names are synonymous with the largest corporate scandals in US history. Their failure to live by ethical and moral codes resulted in bankruptcy, large financial losses to employees and shareholders as well criminal penalties. Additionally, these deviations from ethical behavior from several related parties shined a light on the accounting profession and resulted in several changes in the industryRead MoreEthics And The Auditing Culture : Rethinking The Foundation Of Accounting And Auditing974 Words   |  4 Pagesfinancial scandals of Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Anderson (p. 271). The authors emphasize the role of the AICPA Code of Conduct and ethical perspectives for accountants and auditors. Introduction. The authors study profiles of firms that included the accounting fraud. The main objective of the research is to improve the ethical conduct for accountants through the demonstration of the gap between constituted rules and its implementation in practice using the Enron and Arthur Anderson example. TheRead MoreManagement Organization1074 Words   |  5 Pagespotential. This paper will discuss Enron, and the business failure that occurred. At one time, Enron was one of the largest energy providers in America, based out of Houston, Texas. This paper will explain how specific organizational behavior theories could have predicted Enron’s failure. Also provide a comparison and contrast how leadership management and organizational structures contributed to the failure. Enron History Enron was founded in 1985 by Kenneth Lay. Enron was formed by Mr. Lay† mergingRead MoreEnron And The Enron Scandal1588 Words   |  7 PagesEnron was a corporation located in Houston, Texas and in just fifteen years the US energy trading and utilities company grew to become one of America’s largest and more successful cooperation’s. Enron suffered a major fall. After being one of the most successful corporations Enron became the biggest company to file bankruptcy in history. In this research paper it will discuss about the history of Enron, the fraud committed and who is to blame. The historical development of white collar crime in theRead MoreEnron: Corporate Culture3743 Words   |  15 PagesENRON Corporate Culture Q1: Analyse the corporate culture at Enron and its management’s behaviour. Include in your analysis, the normative theory of ethics which you would consider most relevant in driving the decision making at Enron. 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Introduction Accounting scandals are political or business scandals which arise with the disclosure of financial misdeeds by trusted executives of corporations or governments. These days, not too often, these scandals are splashed as headlines across media. Why? Because there are complex groups of stakeholders who might be seriously affected by the scandals. Enron scam was the most remarkable scandal in 20 centuries by their institutionalizedRead MorePower Failure : The Inside Story Of The Collapse Of Enron980 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral: Power Failure: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Enron, Mimi Swartz and Sherron Watkins, 432 pages, March 25, 2003, Crown Publishing Group, ISBN: 978-0-767-91368-3 Authors: The book is written by two authors: Mimi Swartz and Sherron Watkins. Mimi Swartz is a journalist who graduated from Hampshire College. She has written for many publications. Her work has been included in Slate, Vanity Fair, National Geographic, The New Yorker, and the New York Times. Currently, she serves asRead MoreEnron And The Collapse Of Enron1303 Words   |  6 PagesEnron, a company which originated in Huston, Texas, was one of the largest American energy trading corporations in the nation. Although it was one of the most well known companies, it was also one that crashed and burned the fastest, shocking many people when it did. Not only did it end fast, the company caused quite a scandal which is still being discussed and reviewed in today’s world. Enron’s bankruptcy scandal was so widely known because of the many people who associated themselves with the company

Critically Examine the Effects of the Spanish Colonization...

Critically examine the effects of the Spanish Colonization on the indigenous population in Trinidad. | | | Introduction Although there were mass developments in the demographics of Trinidad by the Europeans, this also contributed to several major factors that caused dreadful changes in the lives and well-being of the indigenous population, which were the Amerindians, due to Spanish colonization. The history of Trinidad and Tobago began with the arrival of the indigenous people. They were the first people to inhabit the islands many centuries ago (Brereton 1). These tribes have travelled from South America where they settled in various parts of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The Amerindians settled in islands such as Bahamas, Cuba†¦show more content†¦Ways in which the Spanish affected the indigenous people The encomiendas system though as a means of developing the island, led to the enslavement of the Amerindian population. The once freed Amerindian population had many customs one of which was the Cunuco system. The Amerindians used this system for agricultural purposes. They worked limited hours early in the morning on the plantation and planted various crops rotationally on the land. Apart from planting, they had the freedom to go into the forested areas and hunt wild animals as well as fish in the open sea (Brereton 1). By having a variety of ground provision, meat from hunting and a combination of fruits and vegetable, the Amerindians had a balanced diet of proteins, starch and carbohydrates. These nutrition, allowed the Amerindians to be healthier and people of great strength, which contributed to longer lives (Williams 2). However, when the Spaniard arrived they enslaved the Amerindians under the encomiendas system, where many Amerindians died because of the harsh treatment they received under this system. The encomiendas killed many Arawaks through overwork and starvation (Greenwood and Hamber 40).Show MoreRelatedThe Age of Discovery - Impact on Philippine Culture and Society3786 Words   |  16 Pageswith native chief Lapu-Iapu and his men. According to Levesque. Pigafettas account descn1les the balI1e as taking place on 21 April 152I. Magellan had ordered the burning of the native villagers houses to scare them. Instead. they attacked the Spanish invaders furiously with spears and stones. They followed us shooting their poisoned arrows four or five times. somuch sothattbey.recognizingthecaptain (Magellan). aimed at him so much that twice they shot arrows right by his head. Magellan was woundedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact Th is Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesprevious epoch of history was war so vilified and peace so consciously pursued through the establishment of international organizations and diplomatic exchanges. Despite these endeavors, the levels of domestic and international violence within human populations and the ravages visited upon animals and the natural world by humans vastly exceeded that of any previous era in history. In a century where human communities globally and individuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected

Data Analysis

Question: What is Data Analysis? Explain. Answer: Data Analysis Introduction Data analysis is one of the most important aspect that seeks to ensure successful of a particular study. It involves analysis of the acquired information from varied sources towards meeting the set objectives. For this particular study, main focus is on educating the nurse including RNs and LPNs for eliminating or making effective use of near misses and errors in enhancing patient care and nursing practices. Needs Assessment Data Information has been collected from both primary and secondary sources in order to conduct the study and meeting the objectives of the study. In this regard, proper analysis of the data will be crucial for understanding the needs assessed for the study and likewise reach a particular conclusion (Capucho, 2011). There are various approaches that can be considered in the process of evaluating and answering the research issues in concern. In this regard, it can be said that some of the major approach of data analysis include quantitative study, qualitative study, cross sectional study, mixed approach, experimental study and others. The methods are mainly considered for findings the research gap and fulfilling the same on the basis of the analysis conducted (Lacey Luff, 2007). Some of the methods that would be used in this study and their potential description is provided in the table hereunder. Study type Explanation Time of Use Quantitative Study This kind of study mainly include analysis of information on the basis of numerical and statistical analysis. In such approach of study, the acquired information is studied on the basis of a statistical approach towards ascertaining accurate results and contents. This particular method will be mainly used in this study when analyzing number and statistical data. This can be done through using measures such as mean, median and mode along with understanding correlation, regression and others. This will be used in this study to get accurate and specific results. Qualitative Study This particular research process of design is mainly implied with the intention to acquire theoretical understanding of information in more descriptive format. This involves conducting analysis on the basis of themes and case studies. This particular approach will be considered in this particular study while analyzing the secondary data that has been acquired regarding the amount of issues of near misses and errors regarding the workplace. Cross Sectional Survey This approach has been considered mainly to evaluate the primary information collected for the purpose of conducting and completing this research work. Survey results has been evaluated on the basis of this particular approach. This particular research approach or data analysis will be used in this study while analyzing the survey results. Observation It involves targeting a particular group of respondents and likewise keeping track of their behavior and approach within the process of their workplace activities. This approach will be used in this study as a part of primary data analysis approach. Chesnay, M. D. (2014); Harwell, M. R. (n.d.). Determine next steps for your curriculum project The next step for the curriculum project will be determination or acquiring the data from various sources relevant to the topic of the study. Data will be compiled from various sources in this particular stage of the project towards the answering the research question in concern. In this context, both primary and secondary sources would be taken into consideration as a part of collecting and evaluating the research question. References Capucho, H. C. (2011). Near miss: Almost error or potential adverse event? Retrieved from https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rlae/v19n5/27.pdf Chesnay, M. D. (2014). Nursing Research Using Data Analysis: Qualitative Designs and Methods in Nursing. US: Springer Publishing Company. Harwell, M. R. (n.d.). Research Design in Qualitative/Quantitative/ Mixed Methods. Retrieved from https://www.sagepub.in/upm-data/41165_10.pdf Lacey, A. Luff, D. (2007). Qualitative Data Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.rds-yh.nihr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/9_Qualitative_Data_Analysis_Revision_2009.pdf

Critical Review And Analysis Of MindBody Therapies †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Critical Review And Analysis Of MindBody Therapies. Answer: Introduction Mind-body therapy is a healing approach that focuses on body, mind and spirit as an integrated whole. It is a holistic approach that emphases on the connection between a peoples physical, mental, and spiritual capabilities. Various studies conducted have proved that emotional dysfunction like stress and depression influence health outcomes and physiological functions (Rossi, 2017). Clinical practitioners and medical education overlooks the psychosocial factors as major contributors in acceleration of sicknesses. Mind-body therapy should be integrated in the multidisciplinary approach that is aimed at reducing mood disturbance, pain, and anxiety. Understanding and providing patients with appropriate mind-body therapies enhances doctor-patient relationship, helps patients to understand what they are going through better, and improves the body system. Although evidence of the successful administration of the mind-body therapy is not satisfactory, it should not be ruled out in aiding cli nical practice (Leung, 2015). There are dominant relations that occur between the immune system and the brain, and behavior is directly influenced by psychosocial factors. Mind-body therapy may shield these immune modifications through enhanced mood, physical exercise, relaxation, and stress decline. Behavioral reactions are thus the basic elements to activating body-mind system, which in turn modify the immune system and have inferences for vulnerability to many diseases. The changes in the body weaken the body system and the intervention of a health practitioner is sought (Benn, 2015). Thus, the practitioner should provide medical and therapy solution to facilitate faster healing process. Some of the mind-body therapy modalities include; meditation, relaxation techniques and guided imagery Meditation Meditation is the deliberate self-regulation of attention. Adapted from the Eastern traditional systems, it focuses on cumulative transparency of minds and mental consciousness (Alexander, 2008). It is an organized mental emphasis on specific features of internal and external experiences. It includes reception, yoga, stretching and group dynamics. In order to determine the effectiveness of meditation as a mind-body therapy a research was conducted on cancer patients. The method used was randomized controlled trial of both male and female patients, and it was found that the cancer patients in the randomized trial had less mood disturbance and less stress symptoms, these patients were provided with meditation group and home meditation services, compared to the cancer patients who were undergoing treatment only. Meditation falls between two major categories that is Mindfulness Based Cognitive Techniques (MBCT) and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), meta-analysis on clinical lite rature for therapeutics for psychological symptoms have tried to draw conclusion between the two broad categories of MBSR and MBCT techniques ("Alternative Therapy: Mind, Body, and Spirit," 2017). These meta-analyses have generally concluded that meditation techniques provide effective results to depression patients. Patients found with depression and cannot concentrate are required to take meditative classes to help them focus their attention. Handling of clinical depression disorders happen during different phases of the disorder; acute, continuation and maintenance phases, depression times time to heal and therefore it is necessary to repeat the acute phase after all the phases are over to prevent the recurring of depression (Evans, 2010). Medication coupled with regulated meditation helps cure depression. Also, meditation provides small to moderate benefits for symptoms of anxiety, especially in patients with comorbid illnesses. There are difficulties in identifying the efficaci ous components of meditation therapies for several reasons. First, a rigorous comparison of the praxis elements of individual meditative therapies has not been undertaken, and thus the extent of commonality is not known. Because there is evidence to suggest that different meditative practices involve different neuronal substrates it is likely that meditation therapies that incorporate different practices affect the biological substrates of target psychological symptoms differently (Fogerite Goldberg, 2008). Relaxation techniques It exploits responsiveness of breathing rate, rhythm, and volume. It involves techniques whose key objective is elicitation of a psychophysiological state of relaxation or hypo arousal. Relaxation therapy decreases sensitive nervous system reaction, which in turn minimizes demand for oxygen, decreases heartbeat, and lowers blood pressure (Joyce, Etty-Leal, Zazryn, Hamilton, 2010). Relaxation therapies combines a range of practices such as yoga, biofeedback, breathing deeply, hypnosis, and guided imagery. Relaxation can be used in some instances to relax tensed muscles. From the randomized controlled trial, most of the patients who had muscle relaxation training, had a regular sleep pattern compared to those patients in the control program. The randomized control trial for the muscle relaxation training concluded that the therapy had an impact as the cancer patients showed reduction in depression and anxiety, while the controlled program had patients with anxiety and depression sympt oms (Leung, 2015). Another trial that involved cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, it was set for one group to undergo relaxation training and the other group to miss the training. From the two groups, the trained group reported decreased anger, fatigue, depression, and tension symptoms. Relaxation technique has also been known to help reduce pain, coupled with guided imagery the cancer patients are able to endure the chemotherapy with much ease compared to those who do not undergo the therapy. This is analyzed by the pain score that the patients report after their subsequent treatment (Stam, 2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapy It is a form of therapy aimed at modifying a patients opinions, manners or emotional responses to help in identifying and monitoring reaction to symptoms using an automated learning or counselling approach (Ventegodt Merrick, 2013). Patients are given an opportunity to use their own imaginations to formulate mental images that help them get away from their immediate symptoms, this is done through guided imagery and relaxation. Analysis of studies relating to cancer patients with sleep disorders, fatigue, and pain expressed satisfaction in the cognitive behavior therapy. The studies demonstrated improvements in the symptoms noted. The randomized controlled trial involved cancer patients who were in pain, had sleep disorders and were fatigued (Wainrib, 2006). The trial trained half of the patients, and gave them music players to listen to when undergoing chemotherapy. It was found that the patients who were trained and listened to music endured pain better than those who were not trai ned. Cognitive behavior therapy helps patients forget their immediate pain and give them a chance to focus on something else rather than their surroundings and pain. Pain makes the patients experience depression and anxiety, which can deteriorate their ailing state further (Benn, 2015). Findings There is sufficient evidence that medicine practitioners ought to include psychosocial models in the health models that have been adapted (Kimko Peck, 2011). There are affirmative outcomes of meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials, there is a convincing evidence to incorporate the modalities of body-mind therapies in treatment of all types of diseases including cancer, and there are further researches that should be conducted to give more satisfactory conclusions. From the negligible side effects related to the mind-body therapies that are being used to enhance the healing process, the health practitioners should highly encourage them because they are cost effective. Clinical practitioners should integrate the psychosocial mind body approaches to be considered a priority. Also, patients should be provided with insurances that cover such therapies to enable them utilize the services easily. The patients should be allowed the freedom to choose whether to engage in mind body te chniques as an additional therapy, since free will of the patients would mean willingness to heal therefore physiologic benefits will be realized easily. Conclusion Support groups should be formed by the clinicians and also the patients, this will help to provide information for members, provide skills for coping with their issues, help moderate anxiety and offer the people a place where they would share their emotions and concerns. The settings could be hospital based or community. Support groups help reduce depression, anxiety, illness adaptation, and marital relationships. Practitioners should provide evidence-based, holistic care including mind-body therapy to patients. Practitioners should establish open communication with the patients to help them choose the most comfort therapy to use. The few studies for mind-body therapies are not adequate therefore more needs to be done to create awareness of the importance of the mind-body interventions. References Alexander,J. (2008). The holistic therapy file: A complete guide to over 80 effective treatments to heal the mind, body spirit. London: Carlton. Alternative Therapy: Mind, Body, and Spirit. (n.d.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Cancer and Society. doi:10.4135/9781483345758.n25 Benn,R. (2015). MindBody Therapies. Integrative Women's Health, 78-108. doi:10.1093/med/9780190214791.003.0005 Evans,S. (2010). Review: mindfulness-based therapies effective for anxiety and depression. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 13(4), 116-116. doi:10.1136/ebmh1094 Fogerite,S.G., Goldberg,G.L. (2008). Overview of Mind-Body Therapies. Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 84-120. doi:10.1016/b978-072160111-3.50013-0 Joyce,A., Etty-Leal,J., Zazryn,T., Hamilton,A. (2010). Exploring a Mindfulness Meditation Program on the Mental Health of Upper Primary Children: A Pilot Study. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 3(2), 17-25. doi:10.1080/1754730x.2010.9715677 Kimko,H.C., Peck,C.C. (2011). Clinical trial simulations: Applications and trends. New York: Springer. Leung,P. (2015). Yoga Qigong A Self-reliant Practice for Health of Body Mind. Complementary Therapies for the Body, Mind and Soul. doi:10.5772/60568 Rossi,E. (n.d.). Mind-Body Therapy. PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e541502010-001 Stam,H.J. (2004). A Sound Mind in a Sound Body: A Critical Historical Analysis of Health Psychology. Critical Health Psychology, 15-30. doi:10.1007/978-0-230-21630-3_2 Ventegodt,S., Merrick,J. (2013). Textbook on evidence-based holistic mind-body medicine: Healing the mind in traditional hippocratic medicine. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc. Wainrib,B.R. (2006). Healing crisis and trauma with mind, body, and spirit. New York: Springer Pub.